Wildcard Handling with Astroquery.mast

Wildcard Handling with Astroquery.mast#

Learning Goals#

By the end of this tutorial, you will:

Use the wildcards available for astroquery.mast.Observations criteria queries
Broaden and refine astroquery.mast.Observations criteria queries
Fully utilize the instrument_name criteria, especially for JWST queries
Query for moving targets using target ephemeris and time criteria such as t_min and t_max

Introduction#

This Notebook demonstrates the use of wildcards in astroquery.mast.Observations criteria queries. The use of wildcards is encouraged for certain criteria types (namely, string object types) to ensure your query returns all results.

We will demonstrate 3 use-cases for wildcards when doing criteria queries and emphasize certain criteria where wildcard usage is highly encouraged, particularly for JWST queries. We will also use the last example to demonstrate the use of value ranges when working with float object criteria types.

The workflow for this notebook consists of:

Wildcard overview with astroquery.mast.Observations
1. Wildcard Search with instrument_name
2. Wildcard Search with instrument_name and proposal_id
3. Wildcard Search a Time-sensitive Object with target_name and t_min
Resources

Imports#

import astropy.units as u
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from astropy.coordinates import SkyCoord
from astropy.table import Table, unique, vstack
from astropy.time import Time
from astroquery.mast import Observations

Wildcards with `astroquery.mast.Observations`#

The use of wildcards when making astroquery.mast.Observations queries can help ensure you retrieve all observations without leaving anything out. The available wildcards are % and *: % replaces a single character, while * replaces more than one character preceding, following, or in between the existing characters, depending on its placement. See the Observation Criteria Queries section in the astroquery.mast documentation for more information on the wildcards.

Wildcards are only available for certain criteria. string type objects accept wildcards, but float, integer, or any other objects do not accept wildcards.

Users may call the get_metadata method to see the list of query criteria and their data types. The criteria listed as string objects under the Data Type column are criteria that can be called with wildcards:

Observations.get_metadata("observations")

Table length=34

Column Name	Column Label	Data Type	Units	Description	Examples/Valid Values
str21	str25	str7	str10	str72	str116
intentType	Observation Type	string		Whether observation is for science or calibration.	Valid values: science, calibration
obs_collection	Mission	string		Collection	E.g. SWIFT, PS1, HST, IUE
provenance_name	Provenance Name	string		Provenance name, or source of data	E.g. TASOC, CALSTIS, PS1
instrument_name	Instrument	string		Instrument Name	E.g. WFPC2/WFC, UVOT, STIS/CCD
project	Project	string		Processing project	E.g. HST, HLA, EUVE, hlsp_legus
filters	Filters	string		Instrument filters	F469N, NUV, FUV, LOW DISP, MIRROR
wavelength_region	Waveband	string		Energy Band	EUV, XRAY, OPTICAL
target_name	Target Name	string		Target Name	Ex. COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GER-UPDATE
target_classification	Target Classification	string		Type of target	Ex. COMET;COMET BEING ORBITED BY THE ROSETTA SPACECRAFT;SOLAR SYSTEM
...	...	...	...	...	...
s_region	s_region	string	ICRS Shape	STC/S Footprint	Will be ICRS circle or polygon. E.g. CIRCLE ICRS 17.71740689 -58.40043015 0.625
jpegURL	jpegURL	string		Preview Image URL	https://archive.stsci.edu/hst/previews/N4QF/N4QF18090.jpg
distance	Distance (")	float	arcsec	Angular separation between searched coordinates and center of obsevation
obsid	Product Group ID	integer		Database identifier for obs_id	Long integer, e.g. 2007590987
dataRights	Data Rights	string		Data Rights	valid values: public,exclusive_access,restricted
mtFlag	Moving Target	boolean		Moving Target Flag	If True, observation contains a moving target, if False or absent observation may or may not contain a moving target
srcDen	Number of Catalog Objects	float		Number of cataloged objects found in observation
dataURL	Data URL	string		Data URL
proposal_type	Proposal Type	string		Type of telescope proposal	Eg. 3PI, GO, GO/DD, HLA, GII, AIS
sequence_number	Sequence Number	integer		Sequence number, e.g. Kepler quarter or TESS sector

Case 1: Wildcard Search with `instrument_name`#

For our first example we will search for all NIRISS observations taken by a certain proposal/program PI. Our two query criteria are proposal_pi and instrument_name, which are both string object criteria. As such, both can be wildcarded for ease of use.

In fact, it is sometimes necessary to use wildcards when searching on instrument_name. Both HST and JWST use instrument configurations in this field to allow for more precise advanced searches (e.g. NIRISS/IMAGE and STIS/FUV-MAMA). When performing a “generic” search, you must include a wildcard or these more detailed results will be excluded.

We will demonstrate this by looking at the results for the query below:

observations = Observations.query_criteria(proposal_pi="Espinoza, Nestor",
                                           instrument_name="NIRISS*")
observations

Table masked=True length=159

intentType	obs_collection	provenance_name	instrument_name	project	filters	wavelength_region	target_name	target_classification	obs_id	s_ra	s_dec	dataproduct_type	proposal_pi	calib_level	t_min	t_max	t_exptime	em_min	em_max	obs_title	t_obs_release	proposal_id	proposal_type	sequence_number	s_region	jpegURL	dataURL	dataRights	mtFlag	srcDen	obsid	objID
str7	str4	str7	str12	str4	str13	str8	str14	str54	str50	float64	float64	str8	str16	int64	float64	float64	float64	float64	float64	str70	float64	str4	str3	int64	str132	str63	str81	str16	bool	float64	str9	str9
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	BD+60-1753	Star; A dwarfs	jw01512006001_03102_00001_nis	261.21787770545495	60.430788533141374	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59996.06207025463	59996.064613773146	164.82	600.0	2800.0	SOSS Wavelength and Trace	59996.11092595	1512	CAL	--	POLYGON 261.252753029 60.462639955 261.225211115 60.427085449 261.208745647 60.4302301 261.236255005 60.465792348	mast:JWST/product/jw01512006001_03102_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01512006001_03102_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	117933689	448768167
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	BD+60-1753	Star; A dwarfs	jw01512001001_03101_00001_nis	261.2178777047604	60.430788532878005	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59995.971151875	59995.97127905093	5.494	600.0	2800.0	SOSS Wavelength and Trace	59996.02417822	1512	CAL	--	POLYGON 261.252854717 60.462614285 261.225198275 60.427081419 261.20874295 60.430238976 261.236366895 60.46577961	mast:JWST/product/jw01512001001_03101_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01512001001_03101_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	117933676	448768176
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	BD+60-1753	Star; A dwarfs	jw01512008001_03102_00001_nis	261.21787770559183	60.43078853319328	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59996.080226527774	59996.0827700463	164.82	600.0	2800.0	SOSS Wavelength and Trace	59996.15149296	1512	CAL	--	POLYGON 261.252730504 60.46264644 261.225211108 60.427087691 261.20874365 60.430229805 261.23623048 60.46579629	mast:JWST/product/jw01512008001_03102_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01512008001_03102_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	117933747	448768178
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	BD+60-1753	Star; A dwarfs	jw01512001001_03102_00001_nis	261.21787770477647	60.43078853288411	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59995.972077743056	59995.97462126157	164.82	600.0	2800.0	SOSS Wavelength and Trace	59996.02564814	1512	CAL	--	POLYGON 261.252854729 60.462614535 261.225198292 60.427081667 261.208742966 60.430239224 261.236366907 60.465779859	mast:JWST/product/jw01512001001_03102_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01512001001_03102_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	117933623	448768199
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	BD+60-1753	Star; A dwarfs	jw01512004001_03102_00001_nis	261.21787770518216	60.43078853303793	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59996.02588584491	59996.028429363425	164.82	600.0	2800.0	SOSS Wavelength and Trace	59996.08034721	1512	CAL	--	POLYGON 261.252792594 60.462630755 261.225205457 60.427084782 261.208743988 60.430234529 261.236298593 60.465788255	mast:JWST/product/jw01512004001_03102_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01512004001_03102_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	117933696	448768209
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	BD+60-1753	Star; A dwarfs	jw01512008001_03101_00001_nis	261.2178777055748	60.430788533186806	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59996.07916954861	59996.079296724536	5.494	600.0	2800.0	SOSS Wavelength and Trace	59996.15724532	1512	CAL	--	POLYGON 261.252730067 60.462646244 261.225210527 60.427087522 261.208743082 60.430229652 261.236230055 60.465796111	mast:JWST/product/jw01512008001_03101_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01512008001_03101_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	117933750	448768210
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	BD+60-1753	Star; A dwarfs	jw01512005001_03102_00001_nis	261.21787770531813	60.430788533089505	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59996.04392434028	59996.046467858796	164.82	600.0	2800.0	SOSS Wavelength and Trace	59996.07672454	1512	CAL	--	POLYGON 261.252773259 60.462635627 261.225208552 60.42708542 261.208745098 60.430232639 261.236277261 60.465790594	mast:JWST/product/jw01512005001_03102_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01512005001_03102_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	117933680	448768234
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	BD+60-1753	Star; A dwarfs	jw01512009001_03101_00001_nis	261.21787770571086	60.430788533238406	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59996.09721989583	59996.09734707176	5.494	600.0	2800.0	SOSS Wavelength and Trace	59996.15762727	1512	CAL	--	POLYGON 261.252709233 60.462652119 261.225212518 60.427089101 261.208743059 60.430228659 261.236207195 60.465799408	mast:JWST/product/jw01512009001_03101_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01512009001_03101_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	117933749	448768236
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	BD+60-1753	Star; A dwarfs	jw01512010001_03102_00001_nis	261.2178777058615	60.430788533295534	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59996.115995381944	59996.11853890046	164.82	600.0	2800.0	SOSS Wavelength and Trace	59996.46469914	1512	CAL	--	POLYGON 261.252692227 60.462659161 261.225218355 60.427091847 261.208746881 60.43022883 261.236188163 60.465803871	mast:JWST/product/jw01512010001_03102_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01512010001_03102_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	117933897	448768272
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	ECLIPTIC-RA80	Calibration; External flat field	jw01541005001_02107_00001_nis	124.10089166666668	19.23126111111111	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59688.63576910498	59688.639372881946	300.63	600.0	2800.0	NIRISS Sensitivity and Stability for Transiting Exoplanet Observations	59774.8541666	1541	COM	--	POLYGON 124.082255001 19.219349464 124.091099278 19.255547276 124.129643297 19.246978522 124.12082029 19.21078555	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_02107_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_02107_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	79661711	510950742
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	ECLIPTIC-RA80	Calibration; External flat field	jw01541005001_02105_00001_nis	124.10089166666668	19.23126111111111	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59688.63057725313	59688.634181030095	300.63	600.0	2800.0	NIRISS Sensitivity and Stability for Transiting Exoplanet Observations	59774.8541666	1541	COM	--	POLYGON 124.085148743 19.218701569 124.093993665 19.254899234 124.132537371 19.246329833 124.123713719 19.21013701	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_02105_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_02105_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	79661727	510950785
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	ECLIPTIC-RA80	Calibration; External flat field	jw01541005001_0210r_00001_nis	124.10089166666668	19.23126111111111	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59688.687716454515	59688.69132023148	300.63	600.0	2800.0	NIRISS Sensitivity and Stability for Transiting Exoplanet Observations	59774.8541666	1541	COM	--	POLYGON 124.07284721 19.21839799 124.081689382 19.25459625 124.120233664 19.246029444 124.111412762 19.209836026	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_0210r_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_0210r_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	79661746	510950838
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	ECLIPTIC-RA80	Calibration; External flat field	jw01541005001_0210f_00001_nis	124.10089166666668	19.23126111111111	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59688.656532785535	59688.6601365625	300.63	600.0	2800.0	NIRISS Sensitivity and Stability for Transiting Exoplanet Observations	59774.8541666	1541	COM	--	POLYGON 124.078634483 19.217102483 124.087477844 19.253300468 124.126021524 19.244732468 124.117199434 19.208539324	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_0210f_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_0210f_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	79661763	510950882
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	ECLIPTIC-RA80	Calibration; External flat field	jw01541005001_0210z_00001_nis	124.10089166666668	19.23126111111111	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59688.70849199849	59688.71209577546	300.63	600.0	2800.0	NIRISS Sensitivity and Stability for Transiting Exoplanet Observations	59774.8541666	1541	COM	--	POLYGON 124.069226757 19.216150803 124.078067971 19.252349246 124.116611924 19.243783236 124.10779198 19.207589636	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_0210z_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_0210z_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	79661781	510950927
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	ECLIPTIC-RA80	Calibration; External flat field	jw01541005001_0210d_00001_nis	124.10089166666668	19.23126111111111	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59688.65134242674	59688.6549462037	300.63	600.0	2800.0	NIRISS Sensitivity and Stability for Transiting Exoplanet Observations	59774.8541666	1541	COM	--	POLYGON 124.077907696 19.214207662 124.086750759 19.250405679 124.125293793 19.241837815 124.116472001 19.205644639	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_0210d_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_0210d_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	79661804	510950976
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	ECLIPTIC-RA100	Calibration; External flat field	jw04479007004_02103_00001_nis	152.87516666666667	11.701697222222222	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60447.36751414965	60447.36888109954	107.368	600.0	2800.0	SOSS background measurements	60447.9178934	4479	CAL	--	POLYGON 152.843388668 11.698975063 152.857138823 11.733597898 152.892661302 11.719892439 152.878935783 11.685270285	mast:JWST/product/jw04479007004_02103_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw04479007004_02103_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	214679853	518313279
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	ECLIPTIC-RA100	Calibration; External flat field	jw04479007004_02101_00001_nis	152.87516666666667	11.701697222222222	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60447.362147482985	60447.36351443287	107.368	600.0	2800.0	SOSS background measurements	60447.92292817	4479	CAL	--	POLYGON 152.839912725 11.690334176 152.85366209 11.724957149 152.889183601 11.711252047 152.875458874 11.676629754	mast:JWST/product/jw04479007004_02101_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw04479007004_02101_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	214679854	518313473
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/SOSS	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	HAT-P-14	Star; Exoplanet Systems; Exoplanets; F dwarfs; F stars	jw01541-o001_t002_niriss_clear-gr700xd-substrip256	260.11617716308444	38.242156511096134	spectrum	Espinoza, Nestor	3	59738.26121625	59738.552486493056	18855.408	600.0	2800.0	NIRISS Sensitivity and Stability for Transiting Exoplanet Observations	59774.8541666	1541	COM	--	POLYGON 260.16190084 38.23723653 260.11337623 38.23744814 260.11348554 38.24618148 260.16201952 38.24596704 260.16190084 38.23723653	--	mast:JWST/product/jw01541-o001_t002_niriss_clear-gr700xd-substrip256_x1dints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	213209384	519972339
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/SOSS	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	HAT-P-14	Star; Exoplanet Systems; Exoplanets; F dwarfs; F stars	jw01541001001_04102_00001-seg001_nis	260.1161771633686	38.242156510427485	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59738.55390866898	59738.55835982639	329.64	600.0	2800.0	NIRISS Sensitivity and Stability for Transiting Exoplanet Observations	59774.8541666	1541	COM	--	POLYGON 260.071030426 38.2494554 260.119367245 38.246686364 260.11850644 38.23799955 260.070173177 38.240758867	mast:JWST/product/jw01541001001_04102_00001-seg001_nis_ramp.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01541001001_04102_00001-seg001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	85700205	541167861

Our query returned many NIRISS observations led by the PI Dr. Espinoza. Let’s get all the unique values under the instrument_name column to see what our * wildcard picked up.

set(observations['instrument_name'])

{np.str_('NIRISS/IMAGE'), np.str_('NIRISS/SOSS')}

Our observations have the advanced labeling; had we simply set instrument_name = "NIRISS", we would have missed several observations. For more details on this advanced labeling, see the JWST Instrument Names page.

A note of caution: There is such a thing as too many wildcards#

You can be too generous with the wildcards, so be sure to exercise caution in their use. Too much ambiguity can lead to unintended results. Let’s take a look at our example below.

observations = Observations.query_criteria(proposal_pi='Espinoza, Nestor',
                                           instrument_name='NIR*') # Surely only one instrument begins with 'NIR'
set(observations['instrument_name'])

{np.str_('NIRISS/IMAGE'), np.str_('NIRISS/SOSS'), np.str_('NIRSPEC/SLIT')}

This query returns NIRSPEC/SLIT observations in addition to the NIRISS ones, which is not what we intended.

Case 2: Wildcard Search with `instrument_name` and `proposal_id`#

Let’s add an additional string criterion and wildcard into the mix. We’ll do this with the proposal_id field which, despite its numeric content, is encoded as a string.

Let’s query for a four digit proposal/program IDs that begin with 15.

observations = Observations.query_criteria(proposal_pi='Espinoza, Nestor',
                                           instrument_name='NIRISS*',
                                           proposal_id=['15%%']) # Only a four digit result will match this

set(observations['proposal_id']), set(observations['instrument_name'])

({np.str_('1512'), np.str_('1541')},
 {np.str_('NIRISS/IMAGE'), np.str_('NIRISS/SOSS')})

Case 3: Create a Moving Target Ephemeris using MAST Observations with Wildcard Search#

We will be querying for image observations of Comet 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko observed through the Hubble Space Telescope’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Wide Field Camera (WFC). This comet’s name can be listed in different ways, so we will use * wildcards in our criteria query.

observations = Observations.query_criteria(target_name="*67P*",
                                           instrument_name="ACS/WFC")

print(f"{len(observations)} total observations" + "\n")
print("Listed target names:")
print(set(observations['target_name']))

140 total observations

Listed target names:
{np.str_('COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GER-UPDATE'), np.str_('COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK')}

Above there are two names we get for Comet-67P. You should exercise caution when searching on the target_name criteria, since this is often entered by the PI who proposed the observation and can vary from person to person.

In the remainder of this notebook, we will construct a bare-bones ephemeris using the filtered MAST observations of this object and their metadata. We will then do some reverse engineering to query for the target based on coordinates using the ephemeris table, and hope that we get the same results back! Let’s begin:

For simplicity, let’s work only with the 'COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK' observations to create our ephemeris.

mask = observations["target_name"] == "COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK"
filtered_observations = observations[mask]
filtered_observations

Table masked=True length=70

intentType	obs_collection	provenance_name	instrument_name	project	filters	wavelength_region	target_name	target_classification	obs_id	s_ra	s_dec	dataproduct_type	proposal_pi	calib_level	t_min	t_max	t_exptime	em_min	em_max	obs_title	t_obs_release	proposal_id	proposal_type	sequence_number	s_region	jpegURL	dataURL	dataRights	mtFlag	srcDen	obsid	objID
str7	str3	str6	str7	str3	str12	str7	str30	str89	str36	float64	float64	str5	str14	int64	float64	float64	float64	float64	float64	str119	float64	str5	str3	int64	str2243	str86	str35	str6	bool	float64	str8	str9
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	Optical	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TARGET FOR ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcis01010	281.2558788729	-31.01619293249	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	56887.26573422454	56887.49156755787	7200.0	470.0	720.0	Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Supporting the Rosetta Mission	57252.60829852	13863	GO	--	POLYGON -78.756865950000019 -31.03386473 -78.72529176 -31.02670072 -78.731368569999972 -30.9985026 -78.733805750513454 -30.9990559361688 -78.733958120000011 -30.99834869 -78.740986132787157 -30.99994418656815 -78.741227330000015 -30.9988241 -78.743523208857965 -30.999345171906345 -78.743666940000026 -30.9986777 -78.751640936670128 -31.000487279621648 -78.752215089999993 -30.99781954 -78.754505385727953 -30.998339146989291 -78.75464896 -30.99767203 -78.761518775521665 -30.999230471627669 -78.762147550000009 -30.99630741 -78.764432262131379 -30.996825567137762 -78.764575690000015 -30.99615878 -78.796142359999976 -31.00331385 -78.79008367 -31.03151488 -78.787798738721818 -31.030997298944033 -78.787655570000027 -31.0316635 -78.780782261578381 -31.030106426334836 -78.780153620000021 -31.03303019 -78.777863106729612 -31.032511160972405 -78.777719789999992 -31.0331777 -78.769741953915457 -31.031369732821123 -78.76916795 -31.03403788 -78.766871853092809 -31.033517388181245 -78.766728380000018 -31.03418428 -78.759696670679176 -31.032590149820496 -78.759455460000027 -31.03371081 -78.757018048375642 -31.033158086745466 -78.756865950000019 -31.03386473 -78.756865950000019 -31.03386473	mast:HST/product/jcis01010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcis01010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	24839228	369010069
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	Optical	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TARGET FOR ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcis04020	290.2770693515	-28.02111499969	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	56977.45820188658	56977.611049039355	6280.0	470.0	720.0	Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Supporting the Rosetta Mission	57342.94112256	13863	GO	--	POLYGON -69.68999134 -28.03180292 -69.690000793261078 -28.0314964187349 -69.68653658 -28.03117872 -69.686564584120333 -28.03027073277142 -69.683764119999978 -28.03001384 -69.6838006065022 -28.028831798853574 -69.67044575 -28.02760593 -69.670481996731183 -28.026436279688706 -69.666591489999973 -28.02607881 -69.666601003399478 -28.025772506303237 -69.663133870000024 -28.02545393 -69.664023900000018 -27.99678969 -69.695551850000015 -27.99968392 -69.695542411269713 -27.999990871866526 -69.69900966 -28.0003088 -69.6989737114984 -28.001477839264155 -69.702862620000019 -28.00183422 -69.702826356326327 -28.00301616323647 -69.716178669999977 -28.00423892 -69.716150921131742 -28.005146940581007 -69.718950740000025 -28.00540317 -69.718941361850952 -28.005710310378014 -69.722405690000016 -28.00602736 -69.722395728297926 -28.006353608328851 -69.735389909999981 -28.00754168 -69.7353798073961 -28.007874214140372 -69.739126740000017 -28.00821667 -69.73825566 -28.03688132 -69.70671568 -28.03399601 -69.706725863943035 -28.033664169692418 -69.70297905000001 -28.03332102 -69.702989071877354 -28.032994456845575 -69.68999134 -28.03180292 -69.68999134 -28.03180292	mast:HST/product/jcis04020_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcis04020_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	24839232	374852621
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	Optical	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TARGET FOR ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcis03010	280.9542165962	-30.99542663878	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	56889.322632372685	56889.548465706015	9600.0	470.0	720.0	Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Supporting the Rosetta Mission	57254.78804398	13863	GO	--	POLYGON -79.05840738 -31.01316703 -79.026878020000026 -31.00584488 -79.033151780000026 -30.97766767 -79.035392031871083 -30.978188257438966 -79.035550100000023 -30.97747812 -79.042032257876684 -30.978984322746957 -79.04228344 -30.97785538 -79.044393200704519 -30.978345489210106 -79.044542289999981 -30.9776754 -79.0519318160874 -30.979391859188709 -79.052526699999987 -30.97671682 -79.054630711213818 -30.97720541840804 -79.054779619999977 -30.9765358 -79.0610665098948 -30.977995640936911 -79.061717779999981 -30.97506566 -79.0638160189322 -30.975552764251791 -79.063964759999976 -30.97488358 -79.09548675000002 -30.9821973 -79.089230410000027 -31.01037747 -79.087131972414525 -31.009890899345596 -79.086983480000015 -31.01055955 -79.080693324737766 -31.009100920228253 -79.08004225000002 -31.01203134 -79.077938041505035 -31.011543277238278 -79.077789380000013 -31.01221237 -79.070396015373021 -31.010497338548994 -79.06980123 -31.01317303 -79.067691267708852 -31.012683456849597 -79.06754243 -31.013353 -79.061056825969644 -31.011848027080774 -79.060805640000012 -31.0129775 -79.058565179306754 -31.012457479047875 -79.05840738 -31.01316703 -79.05840738 -31.01316703	mast:HST/product/jcis03010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcis03010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	24839230	374074520
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F775W	Optical	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TARGET FOR ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcis05010	290.5806735758	-27.96626079113	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	56978.44466003472	56978.45073653935	300.0	690.0	860.0	Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Supporting the Rosetta Mission	57343.70451382	13863	GO	--	POLYGON -69.403442700000028 -27.97923304 -69.403444700846464 -27.979100547103432 -69.401826809999989 -27.97897202 -69.40225662 -27.95052573 -69.433575589999975 -27.95301089 -69.433573626058035 -27.953143446156233 -69.435191219999979 -27.95327161 -69.43476999 -27.98171799 -69.403442700000028 -27.97923304 -69.403442700000028 -27.97923304	mast:HST/product/jcis05010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcis05010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	24839233	369035492
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	Optical	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TARGET FOR ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcis02010	281.1070302812	-31.0066887554	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	56888.26101200232	56888.48685717593	9600.0	470.0	720.0	Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Supporting the Rosetta Mission	57253.60605318	13863	GO	--	POLYGON -78.905924930000026 -31.02423579 -78.87427893 -31.0173634 -78.8800066 -30.98912327 -78.882365737150309 -30.989635932676503 -78.882504439999991 -30.98895186 -78.889317083503954 -30.990432181918216 -78.889530770000022 -30.98937778 -78.891752852813568 -30.989860489154527 -78.891883689999986 -30.98921489 -78.899628421871924 -30.990897116662392 -78.9001551 -30.98829685 -78.902371489060187 -30.988778129799261 -78.90250218 -30.98813288 -78.909141342406116 -30.989574421562239 -78.909719680000023 -30.98671762 -78.911930371781551 -30.987197501880228 -78.91206093 -30.98655257 -78.943699260000017 -30.99341636 -78.937989440000024 -31.02165911 -78.935778550730731 -31.021179788693974 -78.935648239999978 -31.02182416 -78.929005954826081 -31.020383985804244 -78.928427829999976 -31.02324132 -78.926211233460563 -31.02276060029919 -78.926080790000015 -31.02340529 -78.918332079103052 -31.0217246209393 -78.91780553000001 -31.02432554 -78.9155832393156 -31.023843392393292 -78.91545265000002 -31.02448843 -78.9086363989854 -31.023009444135333 -78.908422719999976 -31.02406438 -78.906063370071536 -31.023552312315246 -78.905924930000026 -31.02423579 -78.905924930000026 -31.02423579	mast:HST/product/jcis02010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcis02010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	24839229	369611870
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	Optical	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET BEING ORBITED BY THE ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcz303010	149.386341824	17.6965860963	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	57306.530825775466	57306.56028197917	1868.0	470.0	720.0	Post-Perihelion Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Continued Support of the Rosetta Mission	57672.72732635	14261	GO	--	POLYGON 149.42419008 17.69882864 149.419199178432 17.700727169054169 149.41933345 17.70098796 149.41339666747842 17.703246092045436 149.41340981 17.70327162 149.38611359 17.71365103 149.3854302694572 17.712323331878636 149.37931127 17.71464943 149.36605771 17.68889173 149.39335114 17.67851501 149.39388702876451 17.679556324023046 149.41093132 17.67307379 149.42419008 17.69882864 149.42419008 17.69882864	mast:HST/product/jcz303010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcz303010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	25001892	373724032
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	Optical	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET BEING ORBITED BY THE ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcz301010	148.6544847864	17.89356942054	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	57305.47050170139	57305.49995790509	1868.0	470.0	720.0	Post-Perihelion Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Continued Support of the Rosetta Mission	57671.63094901	14261	GO	--	POLYGON 148.69195443 17.89721012 148.68672841023698 17.898793036618102 148.68699035 17.89940911 148.68079264145175 17.901286131427462 148.68095142 17.9016596 148.65292317 17.91014527 148.65250560953473 17.909162730128802 148.64610927 17.91109857 148.63481426 17.88451419 148.65263308739057 17.879121057787451 148.65263008 17.87911398 148.68065353 17.87062838 148.69195443 17.89721012 148.69195443 17.89721012	mast:HST/product/jcz301010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcz301010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	25001890	373785052
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	Optical	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TARGET FOR ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcis06020	290.9147892768	-27.90546497065	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	56979.51550486111	56979.66734533565	6280.0	470.0	720.0	Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Supporting the Rosetta Mission	57344.94447902	13863	GO	--	POLYGON -69.051552329999993 -27.91547868 -69.051566623053915 -27.915304522529482 -69.048023170000022 -27.91483611 -69.048086300262 -27.914066875478145 -69.045198070000026 -27.91368501 -69.045253211462011 -27.913013321787403 -69.031596869999987 -27.91120688 -69.031681552501226 -27.910176912272057 -69.027714189999983 -27.90965175 -69.02772849552359 -27.909477898544647 -69.024182240000016 -27.90900847 -69.02653583 -27.88039823 -69.057861839999987 -27.88454222 -69.057847539106191 -27.884716718646743 -69.06139399 -27.88518549 -69.06130963442007 -27.88621477953863 -69.065275460000009 -27.88673877 -69.0652204552501 -27.887410472053556 -69.078874509999991 -27.8892136 -69.078813220742 -27.889963190045712 -69.098235400000021 -27.89252561 -69.098220005459254 -27.892714303389873 -69.102038349999987 -27.89321784 -69.099703449999993 -27.92182943 -69.082889846828763 -27.919611642662879 -69.082889340000008 -27.91961784 -69.051552329999993 -27.91547868 -69.051552329999993 -27.91547868	mast:HST/product/jcis06020_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcis06020_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	24839236	374073949
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	Optical	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET BEING ORBITED BY THE ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcz302010	149.0210592664	17.79521475611	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	57306.00024725695	57306.02970309028	1868.0	470.0	720.0	Post-Perihelion Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Continued Support of the Rosetta Mission	57672.2263889	14261	GO	--	POLYGON 149.05898205 17.79748171 149.05396387760246 17.799381902109118 149.05409679 17.79964078 149.04813166312613 17.801899341627337 149.04814366 17.80192271 149.02083733 17.81225854 149.02015424058055 17.810927544842077 149.01400423 17.81325475 149.00078955 17.78750012 149.02809307 17.77716698 149.02863132569428 17.778215844015303 149.04576215 17.77173013 149.05898205 17.79748171 149.05898205 17.79748171	mast:HST/product/jcz302010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcz302010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	25001891	369115725
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL60V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_05_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_04	290.62792219490746	-27.956938624129513	image	Hines	2	56978.59693	56978.60603	785.0	nan	nan	--	57343.75185176	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 290.61193410 -27.94386300 290.61236700 -27.97251970 290.64391420 -27.97001240 290.64347290 -27.94135580 290.61193410 -27.94386300	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_05_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_04	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981121	67948388
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F775W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_06_acs_wfc_f775w_02	290.9112370596945	-27.906209096905478	image	Hines	2	56979.50594	56979.50769	150.0	690000000000.0	860000000000.0	--	57344.94012718	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 290.89684960 -27.92245030 290.92793670 -27.91833760 290.92562020 -27.88996640 290.89454110 -27.89407850 290.89684960 -27.92245030	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_06_acs_wfc_f775w_02	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981137	67948404
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL60V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_05	281.1070408364967	-31.006679797131913	image	Hines	2	56888.26101	56888.27492	1200.0	nan	nan	--	57253.60605318	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 281.11999810 -30.98912410 281.08836300 -30.99599530 281.09407880 -31.02423420 281.12572290 -31.01736150 281.11999810 -30.98912410	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_05	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981096	67948363
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL60V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_02	281.1045408863173	-31.00650879708346	image	Hines	2	56888.27707	56888.29098	1200.0	nan	nan	--	57253.60605318	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 281.09157930 -31.02406260 281.12322230 -31.01719020 281.11749770 -30.98895370 281.08586370 -30.99582470 281.09157930 -31.02406260	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_02	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981093	67948360
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F775W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_06_acs_wfc_f775w_01	290.9128770096229	-27.905945046863923	image	Hines	2	56979.51028	56979.51203	150.0	690000000000.0	860000000000.0	--	57344.94012718	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 290.89618110 -27.89381480 290.89848990 -27.92218630 290.92957680 -27.91807330 290.92725980 -27.88970230 290.89618110 -27.89381480	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_06_acs_wfc_f775w_01	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981136	67948403
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL60V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_05_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_03	290.6007621459412	-27.963361624819484	image	Hines	2	56978.50763	56978.51672	785.0	nan	nan	--	57343.75185176	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 290.61631780 -27.94778080 290.58477530 -27.95028270 290.58520200 -27.97894070 290.61675290 -27.97643870 290.61631780 -27.94778080	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_05_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_03	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981120	67948387
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F775W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_04_acs_wfc_f775w_02	290.2751774620947	-28.021566337845524	image	Hines	2	56977.45293	56977.45468	150.0	690000000000.0	860000000000.0	--	57342.8724883	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 290.29039040 -28.00591310 290.25910000 -28.00878320 290.25996010 -28.03721790 290.29125870 -28.03434760 290.29039040 -28.00591310	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_04_acs_wfc_f775w_02	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981117	67948384
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL60V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_04	281.0975108367455	-31.006933797314236	image	Hines	2	56888.32419	56888.3381	1200.0	nan	nan	--	57253.60605318	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 281.11046990 -30.98937890 281.07883390 -30.99624790 281.08454700 -31.02448740 281.11619200 -31.01761690 281.11046990 -30.98937890	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_04	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981095	67948362
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F775W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_04_acs_wfc_f775w_01	290.27357746214466	-28.021822337884565	image	Hines	2	56977.44859	56977.45034	150.0	690000000000.0	860000000000.0	--	57342.8724883	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 290.28965860 -28.03460380 290.28879070 -28.00616920 290.25750010 -28.00903900 290.25835980 -28.03747380 290.28965860 -28.03460380	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_04_acs_wfc_f775w_01	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981116	67948383
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL0V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_04_acs_wfc_f606wpol0v_03	290.2938020457327	-28.01891575026861	image	Hines	2	56977.51266	56977.52176	785.0	nan	nan	--	57342.94112256	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 290.31000840 -28.03180110 290.30912780 -28.00313970 290.27759970 -28.00602840 290.27847180 -28.03469010 290.31000840 -28.03180110	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_04_acs_wfc_f606wpol0v_03	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981110	67948377

Now that we have our filtered observations, let’s sort the rows of this table based on the t_min criteria, which refers to the start time of the exposure in MJD.

filtered_observations.sort("t_min")

Now that we’ve sorted our table, let’s construct a basic ephemeris showing the path of our object over time (with t_min, or exposure start in MJD, as our time component):

ephemeris = Table([filtered_observations["s_ra"],
                   filtered_observations["s_dec"],
                   filtered_observations["t_min"]], names=("ra", "dec", "t_min"))

Let’s display the contents of our ephemeris, and use it to generate a plot of the comet’s path:

ephemeris.sort("t_min")
ephemeris

Table length=70

ra	dec	t_min
float64	float64	float64
281.2558788729	-31.01619293249	56887.26573422454
281.1070408364967	-31.006679797131913	56888.26101
281.1070302812	-31.0066887554	56888.26101200232
281.1045408863173	-31.00650879708346	56888.27707
281.0975108367455	-31.006933797314236	56888.32419
281.0951608865579	-31.006770747268593	56888.34025
281.0868808868347	-31.005851797486205	56888.39054
281.0845408866453	-31.005687797434355	56888.40661
281.0773208868312	-31.004271747618215	56888.4569
...	...	...
149.02105347495342	17.795211192797524	57306.00024
149.0210592664	17.79521475611	57306.00024725695
149.02788342509825	17.794214142733026	57306.00826
149.03383347531883	17.791933192580494	57306.01628
149.0387234255141	17.789775192433133	57306.02429
149.38633343179924	17.696582189227897	57306.53082
149.386341824	17.6965860963	57306.530825775466
149.39313343193777	17.695584189165338	57306.53884
149.39905343216378	17.69330118900645	57306.54686
149.40391343235848	17.69114218886538	57306.55487

plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
plt.scatter(ephemeris[0:18]['ra'], ephemeris[0:18]['dec'], color='royalblue', s=200, lw=1., edgecolor='k')

plt.xlabel("Right Ascension (deg)", fontsize=20)
plt.ylabel("Declination (deg)", fontsize=20)

plt.title("Sky Coordinates", fontsize=20)

plt.xticks(fontsize=15)
plt.yticks(fontsize=15)
plt.grid()

../../../_images/66d4bdd4a8ce5d1b247a17c21e03246821e4db29d8896bed2d0587cdf1592091.png

You can choose to save the ephemeris table in your current working directory by running the cell below:

# Overwriting is not necessary, but prevents this Notebook from failing STScI's automated testing
ephemeris.write('ephemeris-comet67p-cg.csv', format='ascii', overwrite=True)

Resources#

The following is a list of resources that were referenced throughout the tutorial, as well as some additional references that you may find useful:

Citations#

If you use any of astroquery’s tools for published research, please cite the authors. Follow this link for more information about citing astroquery:

Citing astroquery

About This Notebook#

If you have comments or questions on this notebook, please contact us through the Archive Help Desk e-mail at archive@stsci.edu.

Author: Jenny V. Medina
Keywords: astroquery, wildcards, moving target
Last Updated: Jun 2023