Wildcard Handling with Astroquery.mast

Wildcard Handling with Astroquery.mast#

Learning Goals#

By the end of this tutorial, you will:

Use the wildcards available for astroquery.mast.Observations criteria queries
Broaden and refine astroquery.mast.Observations criteria queries
Fully utilize the instrument_name criteria, especially for JWST queries
Query for moving targets using target ephemeris and time criteria such as t_min and t_max

Introduction#

This Notebook demonstrates the use of wildcards in astroquery.mast.Observations criteria queries. The use of wildcards is encouraged for certain criteria types (namely, string object types) to ensure your query returns all results.

We will demonstrate 3 use-cases for wildcards when doing criteria queries and emphasize certain criteria where wildcard usage is highly encouraged, particularly for JWST queries. We will also use the last example to demonstrate the use of value ranges when working with float object criteria types.

The workflow for this notebook consists of:

Wildcard overview with astroquery.mast.Observations
Resources

Imports#

import astropy.units as u
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from astropy.coordinates import SkyCoord
from astropy.table import Table, unique, vstack
from astropy.time import Time
from astroquery.mast import Observations

Wildcards with `astroquery.mast.Observations`#

The use of wildcards when making astroquery.mast.Observations queries can help ensure you retrieve all observations without leaving anything out. The available wildcards are % and *: % replaces a single character, while * replaces more than one character preceding, following, or in between the existing characters, depending on its placement. See the Observation Criteria Queries section in the astroquery.mast documentation for more information on the wildcards.

Wildcards are only available for certain criteria. string type objects accept wildcards, but float, integer, or any other objects do not accept wildcards.

Users may call the get_metadata method to see the list of query criteria and their data types. The criteria listed as string objects under the Data Type column are criteria that can be called with wildcards:

Observations.get_metadata("observations")

Table length=34

Column Name	Column Label	Data Type	Units	Description	Examples/Valid Values
str21	str25	str7	str10	str72	str116
intentType	Observation Type	string		Whether observation is for science or calibration.	Valid values: science, calibration
obs_collection	Mission	string		Collection	E.g. SWIFT, PS1, HST, IUE
provenance_name	Provenance Name	string		Provenance name, or source of data	E.g. TASOC, CALSTIS, PS1
instrument_name	Instrument	string		Instrument Name	E.g. WFPC2/WFC, UVOT, STIS/CCD
project	Project	string		Processing project	E.g. HST, HLA, EUVE, hlsp_legus
filters	Filters	string		Instrument filters	F469N, NUV, FUV, LOW DISP, MIRROR
wavelength_region	Waveband	string		Energy Band	EUV, XRAY, OPTICAL
target_name	Target Name	string		Target Name	Ex. COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GER-UPDATE
target_classification	Target Classification	string		Type of target	Ex. COMET;COMET BEING ORBITED BY THE ROSETTA SPACECRAFT;SOLAR SYSTEM
...	...	...	...	...	...
s_region	s_region	string	ICRS Shape	STC/S Footprint	Will be ICRS circle or polygon. E.g. CIRCLE ICRS 17.71740689 -58.40043015 0.625
jpegURL	jpegURL	string		Preview Image URL	https://archive.stsci.edu/hst/previews/N4QF/N4QF18090.jpg
distance	Distance (")	float	arcsec	Angular separation between searched coordinates and center of obsevation
obsid	Product Group ID	integer		Database identifier for obs_id	Long integer, e.g. 2007590987
dataRights	Data Rights	string		Data Rights	valid values: public,exclusive_access,restricted
mtFlag	Moving Target	boolean		Moving Target Flag	If True, observation contains a moving target, if False or absent observation may or may not contain a moving target
srcDen	Number of Catalog Objects	float		Number of cataloged objects found in observation
dataURL	Data URL	string		Data URL
proposal_type	Proposal Type	string		Type of telescope proposal	Eg. 3PI, GO, GO/DD, HLA, GII, AIS
sequence_number	Sequence Number	integer		Sequence number, e.g. Kepler quarter or TESS sector

Case 1: Wildcard Search with `instrument_name`#

For our first example we will search for all NIRISS observations taken by a certain proposal/program PI. Our two query criteria are proposal_pi and instrument_name, which are both string object criteria. As such, both can be wildcarded for ease of use.

In fact, it is sometimes necessary to use wildcards when searching on instrument_name. Both HST and JWST use instrument configurations in this field to allow for more precise advanced searches (e.g. NIRISS/IMAGE and STIS/FUV-MAMA). When performing a “generic” search, you must include a wildcard or these more detailed results will be excluded.

We will demonstrate this by looking at the results for the query below:

observations = Observations.query_criteria(proposal_pi="Espinoza, Nestor",
                                           instrument_name="NIRISS*")
observations

Table masked=True length=234

intentType	obs_collection	provenance_name	instrument_name	project	filters	wavelength_region	target_name	target_classification	obs_id	s_ra	s_dec	dataproduct_type	proposal_pi	calib_level	t_min	t_max	t_exptime	em_min	em_max	obs_title	t_obs_release	proposal_id	proposal_type	sequence_number	s_region	jpegURL	dataURL	dataRights	mtFlag	srcDen	obsid	objID
str7	str4	str7	str12	str4	str13	str8	str14	str54	str50	float64	float64	str10	str16	int64	float64	float64	float64	float64	float64	str70	float64	str4	str3	int64	str132	str63	str81	str6	bool	float64	str9	str9
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	LAT60-LONG170	Calibration; Stray light test	jw06658006003_02103_00001_nis	209.87083333333334	55.98163888888889	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60730.86301813657	60730.86438508102	107.368	600.0	2800.0	CAL-NIS-307: SOSS background measurements	60730.88253467	6658	CAL	--	POLYGON 209.884353009 56.010420829 209.911590978 55.976539549 209.850552771 55.961351186 209.823235887 55.995199858	mast:JWST/product/jw06658006003_02103_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw06658006003_02103_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	243253919	848149878
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	LAT60-LONG170	Calibration; Stray light test	jw06658006001_03101_00001_nis	209.87083333333334	55.98163888888889	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60730.04284648148	60730.04421342593	107.368	600.0	2800.0	CAL-NIS-307: SOSS background measurements	60730.17001152	6658	CAL	--	POLYGON 209.860538216 55.994333641 209.887785953 55.960457671 209.826782557 55.94525742 209.79945601 55.979100775	mast:JWST/product/jw06658006001_03101_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw06658006001_03101_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	243202118	848149881
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	LAT60-LONG170	Calibration; Stray light test	jw06658006001_05101_00001_nis	209.87083333333334	55.98163888888889	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60730.04843018518	60730.04979712963	107.368	600.0	2800.0	CAL-NIS-307: SOSS background measurements	60730.16982634	6658	CAL	--	POLYGON 209.85378515 56.002818453 209.881044559 55.968943916 209.820030345 55.953740453 209.792692106 55.987582367	mast:JWST/product/jw06658006001_05101_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw06658006001_05101_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	243202122	848149898
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	LAT60-LONG170	Calibration; Stray light test	jw06658006003_02101_00001_nis	209.87083333333334	55.98163888888889	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60730.8577803588	60730.85914730324	107.368	600.0	2800.0	CAL-NIS-307: SOSS background measurements	60730.88265037	6658	CAL	--	POLYGON 209.891095521 56.00193274 209.918320257 55.968049636 209.857292187 55.952865364 209.829988552 55.98671587	mast:JWST/product/jw06658006003_02101_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw06658006003_02101_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	243253920	848149904
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	ECLIPTIC-RA20	Calibration; External flat field	jw06658004001_02103_00001_nis	27.652133333333335	11.538361111111112	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60528.102236516206	60528.10360346065	107.368	600.0	2800.0	CAL-NIS-307: SOSS background measurements	60528.37671287	6658	CAL	--	POLYGON 27.643848626 11.560123528 27.657095897 11.525316236 27.621290101 11.512407714 27.608017119 11.547195632	mast:JWST/product/jw06658004001_02103_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw06658004001_02103_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	226939326	848176371
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	ECLIPTIC-RA20	Calibration; External flat field	jw06658004001_02101_00001_nis	27.652133333333335	11.538361111111112	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60528.09699799769	60528.09836494213	107.368	600.0	2800.0	CAL-NIS-307: SOSS background measurements	60528.38065966	6658	CAL	--	POLYGON 27.647121704 11.551407475 27.660368281 11.51660008 27.624563489 11.503691838 27.611291205 11.53847986	mast:JWST/product/jw06658004001_02101_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw06658004001_02101_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	226939320	848176390
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	LAT-30-LONG320	Calibration; External flat field	jw06658009001_02103_00001_nis	334.82304166666665	-42.85699999999997	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60596.66193460648	60596.66330155093	107.368	600.0	2800.0	CAL-NIS-307: SOSS background measurements	60597.01754628	6658	CAL	--	POLYGON 334.841740819 -42.875752608 334.811840907 -42.845758267 334.85313257 -42.82383362 334.883063495 -42.853794315	mast:JWST/product/jw06658009001_02103_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw06658009001_02103_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	230534643	848176540
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	LAT-30-LONG320	Calibration; External flat field	jw06658009001_02101_00001_nis	334.82304166666665	-42.85699999999997	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60596.65669609954	60596.65806304398	107.368	600.0	2800.0	CAL-NIS-307: SOSS background measurements	60597.01822911	6658	CAL	--	POLYGON 334.834306808 -42.868232112 334.804413474 -42.838236197 334.845702259 -42.816313724 334.875626605 -42.846275997	mast:JWST/product/jw06658009001_02101_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw06658009001_02101_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	230534644	848176556
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	LAT-30-LONG320	Calibration; External flat field	jw06658009004_02103_00001_nis	334.82304166666665	-42.85699999999997	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60596.695440497686	60596.69680744213	107.368	600.0	2800.0	CAL-NIS-307: SOSS background measurements	60597.02396989	6658	CAL	--	POLYGON 334.803292901 -42.884682068 334.773407186 -42.854677812 334.814718334 -42.832766862 334.844635109 -42.862737478	mast:JWST/product/jw06658009004_02103_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw06658009004_02103_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	230535824	848176616
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/IMAGE	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	ECLIPTIC-RA80	Calibration; External flat field	jw01541005001_0210d_00001_nis	124.10089166666668	19.23126111111111	image	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59688.65134241898	59688.6549462037	300.63	600.0	2800.0	NIRISS Sensitivity and Stability for Transiting Exoplanet Observations	59774.8541666	1541	COM	--	POLYGON 124.077907696 19.214207662 124.086750759 19.250405679 124.125293793 19.241837815 124.116472001 19.205644639	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_0210d_00001_nis_trapsfilled.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01541005001_0210d_00001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	79661804	849743240
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/SOSS	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	HAT-P-14	Star; Exoplanet Systems; Exoplanets; F dwarfs; F stars	jw01541-o001_t002_niriss_clear-gr700xd-substrip256	260.11617716308433	38.242156511096475	timeseries	Espinoza, Nestor	3	59738.26121493056	59738.552486493056	18855.408	600.0	2800.0	NIRISS Sensitivity and Stability for Transiting Exoplanet Observations	59774.8541666	1541	COM	--	POLYGON 260.16190084 38.23723653 260.11337623 38.23744814 260.11348554 38.24618148 260.16201952 38.24596704 260.16190084 38.23723653	--	mast:JWST/product/jw01541-o001_t002_niriss_clear-gr700xd-substrip256_x1dints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	213209384	850390145
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/SOSS	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	HAT-P-14	Star; Exoplanet Systems; Exoplanets; F dwarfs; F stars	jw01541001001_04102_00001-seg001_nis	260.1161771633686	38.24215651042749	timeseries	Espinoza, Nestor	2	59738.5539062963	59738.55835982639	329.64	600.0	2800.0	NIRISS Sensitivity and Stability for Transiting Exoplanet Observations	59774.8541666	1541	COM	--	POLYGON 260.071030425 38.2494554 260.119367244 38.246686364 260.11850644 38.23799955 260.070173176 38.240758866	mast:JWST/product/jw01541001001_04102_00001-seg001_nis_ramp.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw01541001001_04102_00001-seg001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	85700205	850390362
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/SOSS	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	CD-38-2551	Star; G stars	jw02113005001_04103_00001-seg001_nis	94.33630544130959	-38.323444815098135	timeseries	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60216.25282483796	60216.257597488424	329.64	600.0	2800.0	Exploring the morning and evening limbs of a transiting exoplanet	60582.57626142	2113	GO	--	POLYGON 94.343932683 -38.287734536 94.342195697 -38.325771711 94.331098247 -38.325419041 94.332829036 -38.287380656	mast:JWST/product/jw02113005001_04103_00001-seg001_nis_ramp.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw02113005001_04103_00001-seg001_nis_rateints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	178895888	851081576
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/SOSS	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	CD-38-2551	Star; G stars	jw02113005001_04101_00001-seg001_nis	94.33630544945105	-38.3234448051187	timeseries	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60215.77435597222	60215.77448314815	5.494	600.0	2800.0	Exploring the morning and evening limbs of a transiting exoplanet	60582.58410871	2113	GO	--	POLYGON 94.38208655 -38.32834702 94.33350101 -38.32815311 94.33361111 -38.31941977 94.38219434 -38.31961642 94.38208655 -38.32834702	mast:JWST/product/jw02113005001_04101_00001-seg001_nis_ramp.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw02113005001_04101_00001-seg001_nis_x1dints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	178895938	851081661
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/SOSS	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	CD-38-2551	Star; G stars	jw02113-o005_t001_niriss_clear-gr700xd-substrip256	94.33630544541155	-38.323444810070136	timeseries	Espinoza, Nestor	3	60215.75685239583	60216.25049009259	32810.168	600.0	2800.0	Exploring the morning and evening limbs of a transiting exoplanet	60582.96342588	2113	GO	--	POLYGON 94.38208655 -38.32834702 94.33350101 -38.32815311 94.3336111 -38.31941978 94.38219433 -38.31961643 94.38208655 -38.32834702	--	mast:JWST/product/jw02113-o005_t001_niriss_clear-gr700xd-substrip256_x1dints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	188165781	851098040
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/SOSS	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	CD-38-2551	Star; G stars	jw02113003001_02101_00001-seg001_nis	94.33630545011093	-38.32344480430984	timeseries	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60215.73234310764	60215.738556516204	429.471	600.0	2800.0	Exploring the morning and evening limbs of a transiting exoplanet	60581.98520821	2113	GO	--	POLYGON 94.358674113 -38.288655679 94.35699272 -38.325780744 94.309378304 -38.324278409 94.3110501 -38.287162213	mast:JWST/product/jw02113003001_02101_00001-seg001_nis_ramp.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw02113003001_02101_00001-seg001_nis_x1dints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	178895241	988181339
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/SOSS	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	CD-38-2551	Star; G stars	jw02113002001_02101_00001-seg001_nis	94.33630545031605	-38.323444804058404	timeseries	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60215.72022978588	60215.72644319444	429.471	600.0	2800.0	Exploring the morning and evening limbs of a transiting exoplanet	60581.97885404	2113	GO	--	POLYGON 94.372810846 -38.289090732 94.37114681 -38.326216279 94.323531402 -38.324727658 94.325185848 -38.287610984	mast:JWST/product/jw02113002001_02101_00001-seg001_nis_ramp.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw02113002001_02101_00001-seg001_nis_x1dints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	178895222	988181546
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/SOSS	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	CD-38-2551	Star; G stars	jw02113004001_02101_00001-seg001_nis	94.33630544990864	-38.3234448045578	timeseries	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60215.74428976273	60215.75050317129	429.471	600.0	2800.0	Exploring the morning and evening limbs of a transiting exoplanet	60581.98621516	2113	GO	--	POLYGON 94.351610404 -38.28843683 94.349915827 -38.325561526 94.302302094 -38.324048775 94.30398707 -38.286932947	mast:JWST/product/jw02113004001_02101_00001-seg001_nis_ramp.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw02113004001_02101_00001-seg001_nis_x1dints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	178895849	988182195
science	JWST	CALJWST	NIRISS/SOSS	JWST	CLEAR;GR700XD	INFRARED	CD-38-2551	Star; G stars	jw02113001001_02101_00001-seg001_nis	94.33630545052999	-38.32344480379617	timeseries	Espinoza, Nestor	2	60215.70759572338	60215.71380913194	429.471	600.0	2800.0	Exploring the morning and evening limbs of a transiting exoplanet	60581.93158554	2113	GO	--	POLYGON 94.379910812 -38.289302525 94.378273855 -38.326428813 94.330657223 -38.324961582 94.332284596 -38.287844171	mast:JWST/product/jw02113001001_02101_00001-seg001_nis_ramp.jpg	mast:JWST/product/jw02113001001_02101_00001-seg001_nis_x1dints.fits	PUBLIC	False	nan	178895197	988192511

Our query returned many NIRISS observations led by the PI Dr. Espinoza. Let’s get all the unique values under the instrument_name column to see what our * wildcard picked up.

set(observations['instrument_name'])

{np.str_('NIRISS/IMAGE'), np.str_('NIRISS/SOSS')}

Our observations have the advanced labeling; had we simply set instrument_name = "NIRISS", we would have missed several observations. For more details on this advanced labeling, see the JWST Instrument Names page.

A note of caution: There is such a thing as too many wildcards#

You can be too generous with the wildcards, so be sure to exercise caution in their use. Too much ambiguity can lead to unintended results. Let’s take a look at our example below.

observations = Observations.query_criteria(proposal_pi='Espinoza, Nestor',
                                           instrument_name='NIR*') # Surely only one instrument begins with 'NIR'
set(observations['instrument_name'])

{np.str_('NIRISS/IMAGE'), np.str_('NIRISS/SOSS'), np.str_('NIRSPEC/SLIT')}

This query returns NIRSPEC/SLIT observations in addition to the NIRISS ones, which is not what we intended.

Case 2: Wildcard Search with `instrument_name` and `proposal_id`#

Let’s add an additional string criterion and wildcard into the mix. We’ll do this with the proposal_id field which, despite its numeric content, is encoded as a string.

Let’s query for a four digit proposal/program IDs that begin with 15.

observations = Observations.query_criteria(proposal_pi='Espinoza, Nestor',
                                           instrument_name='NIRISS*',
                                           proposal_id=['15%%']) # Only a four digit result will match this

set(observations['proposal_id']), set(observations['instrument_name'])

({np.str_('1512'), np.str_('1541')},
 {np.str_('NIRISS/IMAGE'), np.str_('NIRISS/SOSS')})

Case 3: Create a Moving Target Ephemeris using MAST Observations with Wildcard Search#

We will be querying for image observations of Comet 67P Churyumov-Gerasimenko observed through the Hubble Space Telescope’s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Wide Field Camera (WFC). This comet’s name can be listed in different ways, so we will use * wildcards in our criteria query.

observations = Observations.query_criteria(target_name="*67P*",
                                           instrument_name="ACS/WFC")

print(f"{len(observations)} total observations" + "\n")
print("Listed target names:")
print(set(observations['target_name']))

140 total observations

Listed target names:
{np.str_('COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GER-UPDATE'), np.str_('COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK')}

Above there are two names we get for Comet-67P. You should exercise caution when searching on the target_name criteria, since this is often entered by the PI who proposed the observation and can vary from person to person.

In the remainder of this notebook, we will construct a bare-bones ephemeris using the filtered MAST observations of this object and their metadata. We will then do some reverse engineering to query for the target based on coordinates using the ephemeris table, and hope that we get the same results back! Let’s begin:

For simplicity, let’s work only with the 'COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK' observations to create our ephemeris.

mask = observations["target_name"] == "COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK"
filtered_observations = observations[mask]
filtered_observations

Table masked=True length=70

intentType	obs_collection	provenance_name	instrument_name	project	filters	wavelength_region	target_name	target_classification	obs_id	s_ra	s_dec	dataproduct_type	proposal_pi	calib_level	t_min	t_max	t_exptime	em_min	em_max	obs_title	t_obs_release	proposal_id	proposal_type	sequence_number	s_region	jpegURL	dataURL	dataRights	mtFlag	srcDen	obsid	objID
str7	str3	str6	str7	str3	str12	str7	str30	str89	str36	float64	float64	str5	str14	int64	float64	float64	float64	float64	float64	str119	float64	str5	str3	int64	str2243	str86	str35	str6	bool	float64	str8	str9
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET BEING ORBITED BY THE ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcz301010	148.6544847864	17.89356942054	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	57305.47050170139	57305.49995790509	1868.0	470.0	720.0	Post-Perihelion Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Continued Support of the Rosetta Mission	57671.63094901	14261	GO	--	POLYGON 148.69195443 17.89721012 148.68672841023698 17.898793036618102 148.68699035 17.89940911 148.68079264145175 17.901286131427462 148.68095142 17.9016596 148.65292317 17.91014527 148.65250560953473 17.909162730128802 148.64610927 17.91109857 148.63481426 17.88451419 148.65263308739057 17.879121057787451 148.65263008 17.87911398 148.68065353 17.87062838 148.69195443 17.89721012 148.69195443 17.89721012	mast:HST/product/jcz301010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcz301010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	25001890	905673894
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TARGET FOR ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcis03010	280.9542165962	-30.99542663878	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	56889.322632372685	56889.548465706015	9600.0	470.0	720.0	Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Supporting the Rosetta Mission	57254.78804398	13863	GO	--	POLYGON -79.05840738 -31.01316703 -79.026878020000026 -31.00584488 -79.033151780000026 -30.97766767 -79.035392031871083 -30.978188257438966 -79.035550100000023 -30.97747812 -79.042032257876684 -30.978984322746957 -79.04228344 -30.97785538 -79.044393200704519 -30.978345489210106 -79.044542289999981 -30.9776754 -79.0519318160874 -30.979391859188709 -79.052526699999987 -30.97671682 -79.054630711213818 -30.97720541840804 -79.054779619999977 -30.9765358 -79.0610665098948 -30.977995640936911 -79.061717779999981 -30.97506566 -79.0638160189322 -30.975552764251791 -79.063964759999976 -30.97488358 -79.09548675000002 -30.9821973 -79.089230410000027 -31.01037747 -79.087131972414525 -31.009890899345596 -79.086983480000015 -31.01055955 -79.080693324737766 -31.009100920228253 -79.08004225000002 -31.01203134 -79.077938041505035 -31.011543277238278 -79.077789380000013 -31.01221237 -79.070396015373021 -31.010497338548994 -79.06980123 -31.01317303 -79.067691267708852 -31.012683456849597 -79.06754243 -31.013353 -79.061056825969644 -31.011848027080774 -79.060805640000012 -31.0129775 -79.058565179306754 -31.012457479047875 -79.05840738 -31.01316703 -79.05840738 -31.01316703	mast:HST/product/jcis03010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcis03010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	24839230	906039413
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TARGET FOR ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcis04020	290.2770693515	-28.02111499969	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	56977.45820188658	56977.611049039355	6280.0	470.0	720.0	Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Supporting the Rosetta Mission	57342.94112256	13863	GO	--	POLYGON -69.68999134 -28.03180292 -69.690000793261078 -28.0314964187349 -69.68653658 -28.03117872 -69.686564584120333 -28.03027073277142 -69.683764119999978 -28.03001384 -69.6838006065022 -28.028831798853574 -69.67044575 -28.02760593 -69.670481996731183 -28.026436279688706 -69.666591489999973 -28.02607881 -69.666601003399478 -28.025772506303237 -69.663133870000024 -28.02545393 -69.664023900000018 -27.99678969 -69.695551850000015 -27.99968392 -69.695542411269713 -27.999990871866526 -69.69900966 -28.0003088 -69.6989737114984 -28.001477839264155 -69.702862620000019 -28.00183422 -69.702826356326327 -28.00301616323647 -69.716178669999977 -28.00423892 -69.716150921131742 -28.005146940581007 -69.718950740000025 -28.00540317 -69.718941361850952 -28.005710310378014 -69.722405690000016 -28.00602736 -69.722395728297926 -28.006353608328851 -69.735389909999981 -28.00754168 -69.7353798073961 -28.007874214140372 -69.739126740000017 -28.00821667 -69.73825566 -28.03688132 -69.70671568 -28.03399601 -69.706725863943035 -28.033664169692418 -69.70297905000001 -28.03332102 -69.702989071877354 -28.032994456845575 -69.68999134 -28.03180292 -69.68999134 -28.03180292	mast:HST/product/jcis04020_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcis04020_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	24839232	906039471
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F775W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TARGET FOR ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcis04010	290.2735685756	-28.02183037337	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	56977.44858376157	56977.454660219904	300.0	690.0	860.0	Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Supporting the Rosetta Mission	57342.8724883	13863	GO	--	POLYGON -69.710339019999992 -28.03460849 -69.710342387468657 -28.034498772208945 -69.708739630000025 -28.03435188 -69.70961256999999 -28.00591362 -69.740906 -28.00877878 -69.740902662524562 -28.008888572547743 -69.742505129999984 -28.0090351 -69.74164077 -28.03747355 -69.710339019999992 -28.03460849 -69.710339019999992 -28.03460849	mast:HST/product/jcis04010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcis04010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	24839231	905528669
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET BEING ORBITED BY THE ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcz302010	149.0210592664	17.79521475611	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	57306.00024725695	57306.02169383102	1868.0	470.0	720.0	Post-Perihelion Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Continued Support of the Rosetta Mission	57672.2263889	14261	GO	--	POLYGON 149.05409679 17.79964078 149.04813166312613 17.801899341627337 149.04814366 17.80192271 149.02083733 17.81225854 149.02015424058055 17.810927544842077 149.01400423 17.81325475 149.00078955 17.78750012 149.02809307 17.77716698 149.02876415476538 17.778474677304182 149.04087739 17.7738888 149.05409679 17.79964078 149.05409679 17.79964078	mast:HST/product/jcz302010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcz302010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	25001891	905673890
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET BEING ORBITED BY THE ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcz303010	149.386341824	17.6965860963	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	57306.530825775466	57306.56028197917	1868.0	470.0	720.0	Post-Perihelion Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Continued Support of the Rosetta Mission	57672.72732635	14261	GO	--	POLYGON 149.42419008 17.69882864 149.419199178432 17.700727169054169 149.41933345 17.70098796 149.41339666747842 17.703246092045436 149.41340981 17.70327162 149.38611359 17.71365103 149.3854302694572 17.712323331878636 149.37931127 17.71464943 149.36605771 17.68889173 149.39335114 17.67851501 149.39388702876451 17.679556324023046 149.41093132 17.67307379 149.42419008 17.69882864 149.42419008 17.69882864	mast:HST/product/jcz303010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcz303010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	25001892	905673874
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TARGET FOR ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcis02010	281.1070302812	-31.0066887554	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	56888.26101200232	56888.48685717593	9600.0	470.0	720.0	Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Supporting the Rosetta Mission	57253.60605318	13863	GO	--	POLYGON -78.905924930000026 -31.02423579 -78.87427893 -31.0173634 -78.8800066 -30.98912327 -78.882365737150309 -30.989635932676503 -78.882504439999991 -30.98895186 -78.889317083503954 -30.990432181918216 -78.889530770000022 -30.98937778 -78.891752852813568 -30.989860489154527 -78.891883689999986 -30.98921489 -78.899628421871924 -30.990897116662392 -78.9001551 -30.98829685 -78.902371489060187 -30.988778129799261 -78.90250218 -30.98813288 -78.909141342406116 -30.989574421562239 -78.909719680000023 -30.98671762 -78.911930371781551 -30.987197501880228 -78.91206093 -30.98655257 -78.943699260000017 -30.99341636 -78.937989440000024 -31.02165911 -78.935778550730731 -31.021179788693974 -78.935648239999978 -31.02182416 -78.929005954826081 -31.020383985804244 -78.928427829999976 -31.02324132 -78.926211233460563 -31.02276060029919 -78.926080790000015 -31.02340529 -78.918332079103052 -31.0217246209393 -78.91780553000001 -31.02432554 -78.9155832393156 -31.023843392393292 -78.91545265000002 -31.02448843 -78.9086363989854 -31.023009444135333 -78.908422719999976 -31.02406438 -78.906063370071536 -31.023552312315246 -78.905924930000026 -31.02423579 -78.905924930000026 -31.02423579	mast:HST/product/jcis02010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcis02010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	24839229	906039325
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F606W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TARGET FOR ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcis06020	290.9147892768	-27.90546497065	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	56979.51550486111	56979.66734533565	6280.0	470.0	720.0	Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Supporting the Rosetta Mission	57344.94447902	13863	GO	--	POLYGON -69.051552329999993 -27.91547868 -69.051566623053915 -27.915304522529482 -69.048023170000022 -27.91483611 -69.048086300262 -27.914066875478145 -69.045198070000026 -27.91368501 -69.045253211462011 -27.913013321787403 -69.031596869999987 -27.91120688 -69.031681552501226 -27.910176912272057 -69.027714189999983 -27.90965175 -69.02772849552359 -27.909477898544647 -69.024182240000016 -27.90900847 -69.02653583 -27.88039823 -69.057861839999987 -27.88454222 -69.057847539106191 -27.884716718646743 -69.06139399 -27.88518549 -69.06130963442007 -27.88621477953863 -69.065275460000009 -27.88673877 -69.0652204552501 -27.887410472053556 -69.078874509999991 -27.8892136 -69.078813220742 -27.889963190045712 -69.098235400000021 -27.89252561 -69.098220005459254 -27.892714303389873 -69.102038349999987 -27.89321784 -69.099703449999993 -27.92182943 -69.082889846828763 -27.919611642662879 -69.082889340000008 -27.91961784 -69.051552329999993 -27.91547868 -69.051552329999993 -27.91547868	mast:HST/product/jcis06020_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcis06020_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	24839236	906039468
science	HST	CALACS	ACS/WFC	HST	F775W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	COMET; COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO WHICH IS THE PRIMARY TARGET FOR ROSETTA SPACECRAFT	jcis05010	290.5806735758	-27.96626079113	image	Hines, Dean C.	3	56978.44466003472	56978.45073653935	300.0	690.0	860.0	Imaging Polarimetry of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with ACS: Supporting the Rosetta Mission	57343.70451382	13863	GO	--	POLYGON -69.403442700000028 -27.97923304 -69.403444700846464 -27.979100547103432 -69.401826809999989 -27.97897202 -69.40225662 -27.95052573 -69.433575589999975 -27.95301089 -69.433573626058035 -27.953143446156233 -69.435191219999979 -27.95327161 -69.43476999 -27.98171799 -69.403442700000028 -27.97923304 -69.403442700000028 -27.97923304	mast:HST/product/jcis05010_drz.jpg	mast:HST/product/jcis05010_drz.fits	PUBLIC	True	nan	24839233	905528677
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL60V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_14261_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_04	149.03383347531883	17.791933192580494	image	Hines	2	57306.01628	57306.0217	467.0	nan	nan	--	57672.2263889	14261	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 149.02679120 17.80997720 149.01357040 17.78422550 149.04087430 17.77388890 149.05409830 17.79963880 149.02679120 17.80997720	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_14261_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_04	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	26004664	67971931
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL120V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_14261_03_acs_wfc_f606wpol120v_03	149.38633343179924	17.696582189227897	image	Hines	2	57306.53082	57306.53624	467.0	nan	nan	--	57672.72732635	14261	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 149.37931420 17.71464960 149.36605570 17.68889320 149.39335130 17.67851450 149.40661290 17.70426910 149.37931420 17.71464960	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_14261_03_acs_wfc_f606wpol120v_03	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	26004667	67971934
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL60V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_04	281.0975108367455	-31.006933797314236	image	Hines	2	56888.32419	56888.3381	1200.0	nan	nan	--	57253.60605318	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 281.11046990 -30.98937890 281.07883390 -30.99624790 281.08454700 -31.02448740 281.11619200 -31.01761690 281.11046990 -30.98937890	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_04	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981095	67948362
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL60V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_05	281.1070408364967	-31.006679797131913	image	Hines	2	56888.26101	56888.27492	1200.0	nan	nan	--	57253.60605318	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 281.11999810 -30.98912410 281.08836300 -30.99599530 281.09407880 -31.02423420 281.12572290 -31.01736150 281.11999810 -30.98912410	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_05	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981096	67948363
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL0V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_04_acs_wfc_f606wpol0v_05	290.3133420951515	-28.014720699857893	image	Hines	2	56977.579	56977.5881	785.0	nan	nan	--	57342.94112256	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 290.29801480 -28.03049680 290.32954970 -28.02760420 290.32866490 -27.99894290 290.29713840 -28.00183530 290.29801480 -28.03049680	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_04_acs_wfc_f606wpol0v_05	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981112	67948379
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL60V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_05_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_05	290.60707214553975	-27.961544624635945	image	Hines	2	56978.53058	56978.53968	785.0	nan	nan	--	57343.75185176	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 290.59151330 -27.97712340 290.62306230 -27.97462080 290.62262650 -27.94596410 290.59108590 -27.94846660 290.59151330 -27.97712340	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_05_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_05	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981122	67948389
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F775W	OPTICAL	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_13863_06_acs_wfc_f775w_02	290.9112370596945	-27.906209096905478	image	Hines	2	56979.50594	56979.50769	150.0	690000000000.0	860000000000.0	--	57344.94012718	13863	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 290.89684960 -27.92245030 290.92793670 -27.91833760 290.92562020 -27.88996640 290.89454110 -27.89407850 290.89684960 -27.92245030	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_13863_06_acs_wfc_f775w_02	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	25981137	67948404
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL60V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_14261_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_03	149.02105347495342	17.795211192797524	image	Hines	2	57306.00024	57306.00566	467.0	nan	nan	--	57672.2263889	14261	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 149.00078990 17.78750200 149.02809590 17.77716680 149.04131880 17.80291830 149.01400960 17.81325530 149.00078990 17.78750200	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_14261_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_03	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	26004663	67971930
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL60V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_14261_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_02	149.02788342509825	17.794214142733026	image	Hines	2	57306.00826	57306.01368	467.0	nan	nan	--	57672.2263889	14261	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 149.04814860 17.80192050 149.02084030 17.81225830 149.00762000 17.78650570 149.03492520 17.77616980 149.04814860 17.80192050	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_14261_02_acs_wfc_f606wpol60v_02	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	26004662	67971929
science	HLA	HLA	ACS/WFC	HLA	F606WPOL120V	--	COMET-67P-CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENK	--	hst_14261_03_acs_wfc_f606wpol120v_04	149.40391343235848	17.69114218886538	image	Hines	2	57306.55487	57306.56029	467.0	nan	nan	--	57672.72732635	14261	HLA	--	POLYGON J2000 149.42419210 17.69882700 149.39689650 17.70920930 149.38363650 17.68345530 149.41092900 17.67307470 149.42419210 17.69882700	https://hla.stsci.edu/cgi-bin/preview.cgi?dataset=hst_14261_03_acs_wfc_f606wpol120v_04	--	PUBLIC	--	nan	26004668	67971935

Now that we have our filtered observations, let’s sort the rows of this table based on the t_min criteria, which refers to the start time of the exposure in MJD.

filtered_observations.sort("t_min")

Now that we’ve sorted our table, let’s construct a basic ephemeris showing the path of our object over time (with t_min, or exposure start in MJD, as our time component):

ephemeris = Table([filtered_observations["s_ra"],
                   filtered_observations["s_dec"],
                   filtered_observations["t_min"]], names=("ra", "dec", "t_min"))

Let’s display the contents of our ephemeris, and use it to generate a plot of the comet’s path:

ephemeris.sort("t_min")
ephemeris

Table length=70

ra	dec	t_min
float64	float64	float64
281.2558788729	-31.01619293249	56887.26573422454
281.1070408364967	-31.006679797131913	56888.26101
281.1070302812	-31.0066887554	56888.26101200232
281.1045408863173	-31.00650879708346	56888.27707
281.0975108367455	-31.006933797314236	56888.32419
281.0951608865579	-31.006770747268593	56888.34025
281.0868808868347	-31.005851797486205	56888.39054
281.0845408866453	-31.005687797434355	56888.40661
281.0773208868312	-31.004271747618215	56888.4569
...	...	...
149.02105347495342	17.795211192797524	57306.00024
149.0210592664	17.79521475611	57306.00024725695
149.02788342509825	17.794214142733026	57306.00826
149.03383347531883	17.791933192580494	57306.01628
149.0387234255141	17.789775192433133	57306.02429
149.38633343179924	17.696582189227897	57306.53082
149.386341824	17.6965860963	57306.530825775466
149.39313343193777	17.695584189165338	57306.53884
149.39905343216378	17.69330118900645	57306.54686
149.40391343235848	17.69114218886538	57306.55487

plt.figure(figsize=(12,8))
plt.scatter(ephemeris[0:18]['ra'], ephemeris[0:18]['dec'], color='royalblue', s=200, lw=1., edgecolor='k')

plt.xlabel("Right Ascension (deg)", fontsize=20)
plt.ylabel("Declination (deg)", fontsize=20)

plt.title("Sky Coordinates", fontsize=20)

plt.xticks(fontsize=15)
plt.yticks(fontsize=15)
plt.grid()

../../../_images/6dd8a953fe0c1f99f62d76976732aeae41bd5d196487c2458889713ecc44844a.png

You can choose to save the ephemeris table in your current working directory by running the cell below:

# Overwriting is not necessary, but prevents this Notebook from failing STScI's automated testing
ephemeris.write('ephemeris-comet67p-cg.csv', format='ascii', overwrite=True)

Resources#

The following is a list of resources that were referenced throughout the tutorial, as well as some additional references that you may find useful:

Citations#

If you use any of astroquery’s tools for published research, please cite the authors. Follow this link for more information about citing astroquery:

Citing astroquery

About This Notebook#

If you have comments or questions on this notebook, please contact us through the Archive Help Desk e-mail at archive@stsci.edu.

Author: Jenny V. Medina
Keywords: astroquery, wildcards, moving target
Last Updated: Jun 2023